Even in early pregnancy, the liver can become overwhelmed by the sheer number of metabolic and hormonal changes taking place.

The single exception is motion sickness, which stems more from the discrepancy between what the eye sees (rapid whizzing by of objects and scenery horizontally) and what the body feels (an up and down motion due to the form of transportation).

Nausea can also be caused by a deficiency of sodium or magnesium, or an excess of calcium or lithium. Low levels of stomach acid can also bring on nausea, as can chemical sensitivities or drug side effects.

For morning sickness, vitamins C and K taken together (under professional supervision) have been shown to resolve the condition within 72 hours in 91 per cent of cases (Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1952; 64: 416-8).

Acupuncture has also successfully controlled morning sickness (Am J Chin Med, 1979; 7: 356). The principal acupuncture points are Co-12, P-6 and Sp-4, with supplementary points Li-3, S-44 (for fire in Liver and Stomach) or S-40 (with phlegm and dampness obstructing the stomach).

Three herbs have a long track record of proven success in treating nausea and vomiting of any variety: Chamaemelum (Roman chamomile flowers); Chondrus crispus (Irish moss); and Cinnamomum cassia (cassia bark) (British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, 1976; Part I, 47-9; Part II, 53, 55). Cinnamomum zeylanicum, the bark of a close relation of cassia, has long been known to have a strong antibacterial effect (Science and Culture, 1949; 14: 315).

A tried and tested herbal cocktail for allaying nausea includes:

3.5 g Cinnamomum cassia (cassia bark)

15 g Mentha virides (spearmint)

3.5 g Eugenia caryophyllata (cloves)

3.5 g Rheum palmatum (rhubarb).

Infuse ingredients in half a litre of boiling water for 20 minutes and drink half a glass every half hour (Willard TL, Textbook of Modern Herbology, Calgary, Alberta: C.W. Progressive Publishing, 1988: 169-70). Cloves on their own can also work (Willard, as above, page 140).

Zingiber officinale (ginger root) remains the best known natural cure for nausea and vomiting, even with motion sickness. It works directly on the gastrointestinal tract, effectively slowing the interaction between the stomach and the brain’s nausea centre by neutralising gastrointestinal toxins (Lancet, 1982; i: 655-7). Ginger root can also relieve nausea related headaches (Tohoku J Exper Med, 1920; 1: 96).

One experimental double blind study used a mechanical rotating chair for patients known to have an extreme susceptibility to motion sickness. The result was that 940 mg of ginger root outperformed Dramamine (dimenhydrinate), the most popular motion sickness drug in orthodox medicine.

In a more true to life aspect of the same study, patients with motion sickness who took two to four capsules of powdered ginger root prior to travelling, and two capsules every hour or whenever they felt an attack of nausea, reported excellent results. The herb was found to be equally effective whether travelling by car, airplane, train or boat (Lancet, 1982; i: 655-7).

In a study involving naval cadets and seasickness, those who received 1 g of powdered ginger root had a 72 per cent reduction in vomiting and 38 per cent fewer symptoms than those in the control group (Acta Otolaryngol, 1988; 105: 45-9).

One note of caution ginger can have an inhibiting effect on certain aspects of the blood’s clotting mechanism. For this reason, you should take care and have your bleeding monitored if you are taking ginger for postoperative nausea.

!AHarald Gaier

Harald Gaier is a registered naturopath, homoeopath and osteopath.

The following factors have been suggested as playing contributory roles: low blood pressure and blood sugar levels; hormonal changes; emotional ambivalence towards pregnancy; and vitamin and mineral deficiencies (especially iron and vitamin B6). Eating too much refined, greasy or spicy foods is also blamed. Also, pressure on the stomach from the growing uterus can interfere with proper digestion, and this may be another cause of the condition.

Despite the sheer volume of women who suffer from the condition, morning sickness is not well understood and often poorly treated (J Perinat Neonatal Nurs, 2004; 18: 312-28).

A number of drugs can also cause nausea and vomiting as side-effects, including antibiotics, NSAIDs, thiazides, oestrogens and – ironically – iron. If you’re on any other drugs, check out their side-effects.

Some health practitioners believe morning sickness is more common in women carrying twins or triplets, but there is no conclusive evidence to say that this is so.

What doctors tell you
Although there is no currently approved medication for morning sickness, doctors may suggest taking antacids, sugar solutions or antihistamines, all of which can be purchased over the counter.

There are also drugs used to manage nausea and vomiting by acting either directly on the digestive tract or on the brain. Drugs that act on the digestive tract increase intestinal contractions and accelerate food transit. Centrally acting agents act on the vomiting centre (chemoreceptor trigger zone; CTZ) in the brainstem to block the nerve impulses that trigger nausea and vomiting. These include dopamine antagonists, anticholinergics and antiserotonin agents (ondansetron).

Severe vomiting is dangerous for both mother and baby, as vital minerals and nutrients can be lost through dehydration. Symptoms include dizziness, thirst, passing less urine than usual (or none at all) or passing dark urine. A midwife or GP can take a simple urine (ketone) test to confirm the degree of dehydration. In extreme cases, the patient may need to go to hospital, where fluids can be given through an intravenous drip.

Isabel Atherton

* Take B vitamins. B6 (pyridoxine) can ease NVP attacks (Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2003; 4: CD000145), and B12 can cut down how often you throw up. Be sure to take these vitamins before the waves of nausea strike.

* Consider homoeopathy, which can ease morning sickness (and labour) (Prof Care Mother Child, 1994; 4: 185-7). If the nausea is severe, consider Nelsons’ Nux Vomica 6c tablets, traditionally used for digestive disorders. It’s available from health stores as well as online from various websites.

* Try acupressure. Stimulating the P6 acupoint, which lies about 4 cm up from the wrist creases, significantly reduced NVP compared with stimulating a false acupoint and no treatment at all (J Reprod Med, 2001; 46: 835-9).

* Consider hypnosis, which may benefit both mother and baby by making pregnancy more comfortable and promoting healthier fetal development (Birth, 1999; 26: 248-54).

* Consult a herbalist. A wide range of herbs can help morning sickness. Chamomile and wild yam root, for example, aid digestion and have sedative effects, while balm and meadowsweet can be soothing. There is also anecdotal evidence that slippery elm can help to soothe the digestive tract.

Note, however, that some herbal preparations and medications can harm the fetus or cause birth defects; others can cause the baby to be born ill or too small. Always exercise caution when taking any supplements during pregnancy.

* Identify nausea triggers. The taste and smell of some foods can cause feelings of sickness, so avoid them.

* Eat small, frequent meals every two to three hours – even if you’re not hungry. Keep hydrated, and avoid diuretics such as coffee and alcohol. Crackers or dry toast, 20-30 minutes before getting up and while still in bed, slightly propped up, can help. Bland foods like pretzels may help.

A severely dehydrated woman was admitted to hospital with vomiting and vaginal discharge. She had gone nine weeks without a menstrual period. A pregnancy test concluded that she was not pregnant, but a physical examination suggested otherwise. An ultrasound scan revealed that she was carrying triplets.

Say the doctors, high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin – common in multiple pregnancies – can inhibit the antigen-antibody reaction on which many pregnancy tests are based (J Obstet Gynaecol, 2002; 22: 442).

How often do you think about your kidneys? Probably never. For most of us, the kidneys are yet another set of organs which quietly do their job day after day without incidence. Yet if the kidneys malfunction or fail for any reason, our health is profoundly affected. Kidneys are involved with several vital bodily functions. They help to remove waste and excess fluid from the body, they filter the blood and they control the body’s pH balance. They also take part in maintaining the balance of essential nutrients and in regulating blood pressure.Stone formation in the urinary tract the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra has been recognised for thousands of years. Although we think of kidney stones as purely a result of modern diets and lifestyle, they have been found among prehistoric remains in Egypt and western Europe. From Hippocratic manuscripts it is evident that kidney stones were a common phenomenon in ancient Greece. But during the last few decades, the pattern and rate of the disease have changed markedly. In the past, stone formation was almost exclusively in the bladder, whereas today most stones form in the kidney and upper urinary tract. As many as 10 per cent of men and 3 per cent of women get kidney stones, most of whom are over 30 (New Eng J Med, 1993; 328: 884-5). The incidence of kidney stones has been steadily increasing, paralleling the rise in other diseases associated with the poor Western diet, such as heart disease, gallstones, high blood pressure, diabetes and cancer.

In a healthy individual, urine is usually saturated to the limit with calcium oxalate, uric acid and phosphates. Normally, with the secretion of protective factors and a balanced pH in the body, these compounds remain in solution and are excreted in the urine. But, if these protective factors are overwhelmed or an imbalance in pH occurs, small particles or “crystals” may separate from solution and build up in the kidney increasing the risk of stone formation. About 80 per cent of all stones are composed of calcium oxalate, either on its own or with a nucleus of calcium phosphate (known as apatite). Uric acid accounts for about 5 per cent of stones and struvite for about 15 per cent.

Environment vs heredity

As one study elegantly illustrated, it’s likely that the environment plays as great a part as heredity in any individual’s risk of developing kidney stones. In this general health survey of 2,500 middle aged men, a family history was significantly more common among stone formers than among controls, most prominent through the male line. However, an increased tendency was also noted among the wives of those with a family history of stones even if they had no family history of stone forming themselves (Br J Urol, 1979; 51: 249-52).

The case for environment over heredity is also underscored by ongoing research in space. Astronauts are generally at the peak of physical health. One would not expect them to fall prey to metabolic disorders. But space flight induces many physiological changes, among which are changes in the mineral balance of the body. An astronaut’s diet is likely to contain less fluid, energy, protein, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium all known risk factors in stone formation (J Urol, 1997; 158: 2305-10). For astronauts, osteoporosis is the major risk from these changes they lose approximately one per cent of their bone mass per month during space flights. But they are also at greater risk of forming kidney stones (J Urol, 1993; 150: 803-7), adding important evidence to the association between environment, lifestyle and kidney stones.

Conventional solutions

For a long time, the best approach offered to patients was surgery to remove large, painful stones. Smaller stones were, and still are, treated with a number of different types of drugs, such as the thiazide diuretic chlorthalidone, which reduces urine calcium concentrations. These drugs have a host of side effects, including hypotension (hence their use in the treatment of high blood pressure), impotence, skin rashes and photosensitivity. They also alter the body’s balance of important minerals, such as potassium and magnesium, and may therefore, ironically, end up increasing the risk of stone formation (Acta Urologica Belgica, 1994; 62: 25-9). Another popular medication is calcium citrate, a highly soluble calcium salt whose formation decreases urinary concentrations of free calcium.

Within the last two decades, a form of ultrasound treatment known as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been used to shatter stones, making their fragments easier to “pass” through the urine. The treatment is performed on a day patient basis, with NSAIDs used for pain relief. Anti biotics are often given prophylactically since bacteria, which are found in more than 30 per cent of stones, can be released into the kidney when the stones are shattered, increasing the risk of post procedure infection (Acta Urologica Jap, 1992; 38: 999-1003).

Although hailed as a revolution in the treatment of kidney stones, the risks of ESWL are probably underestimated. Most patients experience internal bleeding, which can range from a tiny haemorrhage to major bleeding requiring transfusion. Immediately after the procedure, blood flow to the kidneys can be drastically altered; usually it declines, but in about 8 per cent of cases blood pressure in the kidney rises, causing kidney hypertension (RH Hepinstall, Pathology of the Kidney, Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown & Co, 1992: 1592).

There is evidence that ESWL can affect the ability of the kidneys to filter out impurities efficiently (J Endourol, 1994; 8: 15-19). Other studies have shown irreversible kidney damage from the procedure (Nephron, 1993; 63: 242-3) and there has been one case of fatal kidney failure afterwards (Lancet, 1994; 344: 757-8). Damage to the kidney is reportedly in the range of 63 to 85 per cent (Am J Radiol, 1985; 145: 305-13; Radiology, 1987; 163: 531-4).

But perhaps most dispiriting of all is that ESWL doesn’t cure the problem. In a French study, computed tomography scans performed two years after a group of patients had undergone lithotripsy showed that 40 per cent had a recurrence of stones and 25 per cent had scarring (Nephrologie, 1993; 14: 305-7).

This recurrence rate is not much different from what you could expect if you never had the procedure. In an observational study of the natural history of stone formation among 2,322 men, 42 per cent of patients experienced a recurrence of kidney stones (Acta Med Scand, 1975; 197: 439-45). Perhaps even more interesting was that 94.5 per cent of all stones passed spontaneously, suggesting that the need for aggressive medical action may be overstated. These researchers concluded that environment played a greater part in stone formation than family history an important point when considering treatment since there are so many beneficial changes in diet and lifestyle which those at risk can make.

Environmental factors

A number of environmental influences contribute to the risk of stone formation. People living in, or even just visiting, a warm or hot climate have an elevated chance of developing kidney stones (Med Trop, 1997; 57: 431-5; Am J Epidemiol, 1996; 143: 487-95). A sunny climate means greater risk of dehydration and lower urine output. This leads to an imbalance in urine volume and the concentration of those compounds which form stones.

Cadmium is among the most toxic metals in our environment, contributing to a wide range of diseases. It is particularly toxic to the kidneys. Of 38 men and women working in a battery factory, nearly half were shown to have kidney stones (Isr J Med Sci, 1992; 28: 578-83). Another study found that copper workers had a 18.5 per cent prevalence of upper urinary tract stone disease associated with a very significant hypercalciuria (too much calcium in the urine) (Urology, 1978; 11: 462-5).

But perhaps the greatest influence is the environment inside your body, as controlled by your diet.

Vegetarians as a group seem to have a lower risk of kidney stones (Eur Urol, 1982; 8: 334-9). Meat increases intestinal calcium absorption and thus the risk of abnormally high concentrations of calcium in the urine. This risk appears to be mainly a consequence of meat’s high content of sulphur containing amino acids (J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 1990; 36: 105-16). The metabolic by products of meat digestion also include oxalate and uric acid, both of which are implicated in kidney stones.

Not all studies, however, have found an association between eating meat and forming stones. In a randomised, controlled trial of a kidney stone prevention diet, low in animal protein and high in fibre, patients were divided into two groups one with dietary intervention and advice to increase fluid intake, and one which was given the latter advice only. The researchers found that a high fibre, low protein diet had no real advantages over the simple advice to increase fluid intake alone (Am J Epidemiol, 1996; 144: 25-33). Another study found that it was not whether or not individuals ate meat that made the difference, but whether they included fresh fruit and vegetables in their diet. Among meat eaters, those who eat more fruits and vegetables have a lower incidence of kidney stones (Urol Res, 1975; 3: 61-6).

The calcium debate

Dr Gary Curhan and his team from the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston have led the way in dietary research into kidney stones. Two studies by Dr Curhan have challenged the old presumption that lowering calcium intake will reduce the risk of forming stones. The first was a prospective study of 45,619 men aged 40 to 75, who had no history of kidney stones. During four years of follow up, 505 cases of new, symptomatic kidney stones arose. The researchers found several dietary links. The higher the intake of animal protein, the greater the risk of kidney stones, whereas a greater intake of potassium and fluid diminished the risk (N Eng J Med, 1993; 328: 833-8).

But the most dramatic result found was that those with the highest dietary calcium intake were at no greater risk of developing stones than the population as a whole. In fact, a higher intake of dietary calcium was strongly associated with a reduced risk of kidney stones. Individual foods high in calcium, such as skim or low fat milk, cottage or ricotta cheese and yoghurt, were found to be protective, as were non dairy sources of calcium, such as oranges and broccoli. These findings led the authors to conclude that the routine restriction of calcium rich foods for stone formers had no basis.

As an explanation for their surprising results, the researchers propose that a lot of calcium in the diet is protective due to its effect on oxalate absorption. With more calcium, oxalate absorption is reduced (meaning less is excreted in urine) whereas when calcium intake is restricted, oxalate absorption goes up leading to more oxalate in the urine.

In 1997, Dr Curhan analysed an even larger cohort this time of women with no previous kidney stones and found very similar results with a surprising twist (Ann Int Med, 1997; 126: 497-504). Among the 91,731 women studied, 864 cases of kidney stones were documented over 12 years, and once again dietary calcium was found to be protective. However, researchers also observed that the intake of supplemental calcium actually elevated the risk of stone formation. All calcium, it appears, is not equal. The opposing effects of different types of calcium found in this study may have something to do with timing: if calcium supplements are taken at the same time that oxalate is consumed in the diet.

Most recently, another team of researchers in the US studied 1,309 women aged between 20 and 92 years. They were able to rule out such factors as hypertension, bone mineral density, high oxalate food consumption, fractures, ascorbic acid from food supplements and even geography as being significantly associated with stone formation. Instead, the most significant factor was dietary calcium; stone formers consumed almost 250 mg less calcium per day than women without stones. They also had a lower energy intake (Am J Epidemiol, 1998; 147: 914-20).

Encouragingly, while family history has been shown to increase the relative risk of forming kidney stones by two and a half times (particularly in men), family history alone is not enough to reduce the protective effect of dietary calcium (J Am Soc Nephrol, 1997; 8: 1568-73). Indeed, more calcium rich foods may be the best protection against hereditary stones.

Subtle damage to the kidneys can take place over a number of years without producing any painful symptoms. A first sign that something is wrong is often the formation of kidney stones. While this condition is often derided with humour (many men say it’s the closest they’ll ever get to labour pains), kidney stones are no joke. They can damage the kidney, obstructing the passage of urine and leading to infection. While most humans can survive with one kidney or with each one working at sub optimum levels why take the chance? Simple lifestyle modifications can make the difference between functioning adequately and functioning optimally.

But what are the real causes they never tell you about? The head pain is related to dilation of extracranial blood vessels. So, what can cause that?

* An allergic reaction, usually to a ‘C’ food (J Allergy, 1952; 23: 429), such as chocolate, cheese, cauliflower, citrus, coffee, cow’s milk, crustaceans, cane sugar, caramel, candied fruits, corn (or maize products), cantaloupe, casein, cassava, caper, cashew nut, chicken, chestnut, cabbage and carrots (Lancet, 1979; i: 966-9; Lancet, 1980; ii: 1-4; Ann Allergy, 1985; 55: 28-32). Other common triggers include red wine and foods containing nitrates (such as bacon and smoked salmon).

* Musculoskeletal triggers, such as trauma to the head, neck or muscles. Recurrent throbbing migraine attacks on one side of the head often follow such injury (J Am Osteop Assoc, 1975; 74: 400-10).

* Hormones, such as the Pill or similar treatments for the menopause (see box).

* Stress, altered sleep patterns, unaccustomed exercise, irregular eating or alcohol consumption.

If eliminating these triggers doesn’t work, what can you do instead of drugs?

* Try homoeopathy. Several excellent studies demonstrate its effectiveness in migraine (Brigo B, ‘Homoeopathic treatment of migraine: A sixty-case, double-blind, controlled study (homoeopathic remedy versus placebo)’, Proceedings of the Congress of the Liga Medicorum Homoeopathicorum Internationalis, Arlington, VA, 1987).

* Use osteopathy for post-traumatic migraine. This is best between migraine attacks, when manipulation is less uncomfortable (Ward RC. Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1997: 404-6). The osteopath may try manipulation, applications of local heat or cold, massage, trigger-point therapy, traction or neural therapy (local anaesthetic blockade).

* Herbs may help. Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) at 50-140 mg/day of granulated or powdered extract in divided doses (Cephalalgia, 1998; 18: 704-8) can successfully treat migraine. Don’t use it for more than five months, or if you are taking anticoagulant (blood-thinning) medications, if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or hypersensitive to the Asteraceae plant family.

In Oriental medicine, fang feng (Radix Ledebouriella divaricatae, or Siler root) can significantly raise a migraine sufferer’s pain threshold (Bensky D, Gamble A, Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica, Seattle, WA: Eastland Press, 1993: 32-3).

During an attack, try taking the powdered root of Securidaca longipedunculata, successfully used in traditional African medicine (Chem Abstr, 1959; 53: 1065).

* Learn biofeedback and relaxation techniques. Both offer substantial benefits for adults and children suffering from migraine (Pain, 1990; 42: 1-13; Pain, 1995; 60: 239-56).

Harald Gaier
Harald Gaier is a registered naturopath, osteopath, homoeopath and herbalist. He can be contacted at The Diagnostic Clinic, London, tel: 020 7009 4650

In a study of 448 children with meningitis, the first few hours of the illness were dominated by fever, nausea and vomiting, irritability, and sometimes a runny nose and sore throat. These symptoms lasted around four hours in young children, and eight hours in adolescents. Within seven to 12 hours after that, the trio of early-stage symptoms emerged. The most common ones were cold hands and feet, followed by the leg pain. The skin-colour changes were seen in only 19 per cent of cases.

The classic later symptoms appeared within 13 to 22 hours – by which time, many of the children were already in hospital, with some close to death (Lancet, 2006; 367: 397-403).

Like other health professionals, homeopaths honor the special role that surgery and surgeons have in health care. Homeopaths are not against surgery, because certain conditions are simply not treatable without it. At the same time, however, surgery is often performed unnecessarily. It is performed when other, safer measures can be effectively used. It is performed too early when the body can sometimes heal itself. And it is performed inappropriately, primarily because surgeons only know surgery and don’t know what else to do (the law of hammers pervades many professions: when you are a hammer, everything becomes a nail).

Even when surgery is successful, this does not necessarily mean that the person is “cured.” Surgery may, for instance, remove an abscess, a tumor, kidney stones or gallstones, or other diseased parts, but because this removal doesn’t change the underlying pathological processes that created them in the first place, it is understandable and even predictable that people tend to reexperience their ailments.

Even if the ailment seems to have disappeared, homeopaths do not believe that a curative process has always taken place. While the initial complaint may have been eradicated, sometimes more serious pathology develops shortly after the surgery. Although doctors tend to believe that this is a “new” disease, homeopaths theorize that the surgery probably suppressed the original ailment.

This critique of surgery is not meant to devalue its appropriate use in treating various congential deformities, structural problems, severe injuries, or life-threatening pathological conditions. As previously stated, homeopaths are not against the judicious use of surgery.

When possible, homeopaths first attempt to to see if treatment with an individualized homeopathic medicine can prevent the need for surgery. Patients and even homeopaths are sometimes surprised and impressed at the significant results that homeopathic medicines can provide–not that they can do the impossible, but they can often elicit a healing response when conventional therapeutics cannot.

The integration of homeopathic medicines with surgical care uses the best of both worlds to create comprehensive and ultimately more effective health care.



Homeopathic Medicines Before and After Surgery

Once it is determined that surgery is medically necessary, homeopathic medicines can reduce complications of surgery and augment healing so that people can recover more quickly afterward.

Surgeons commonly ask patients not to take any food, drink, or drugs prior to surgery. While it makes sense to avoid food, drink, and conventional drugs, there have never been any reported problems from taking homeopathic remedies prior to surgery.

Some homeopaths recommend Ferrum phos 6, four times a day for two days, prior to surgery in order to prevent infection and hemorrhaging.

Homeopathic medicines can also help people deal with the various emotions they are experiencing prior to surgery. Gelsemium 6 or 30 is a common remedy for the person who experiences great anxiety, apprehension, weakness, and trembling prior to surgery. Aconitum 6 or 30 is indicated when the person is terrified about surgery and thinks that he will die from it.

Take either Gelsemium or Aconitum the night before the surgery and another dose upon waking in the morning. If fear and/or anxiety is felt after surgery, take one to three more doses.

One double-blind, randomized trial on 50 children who underwent surgery showed that 95% of those given the homeopathic medicine Aconitum experienced significantly less post-operative pain and agitation.¹ Aconitum was chosen because it is a common remedy for ailments in which sudden and violent onset of shock or trauma is a primary indication, as well as symptoms of fear and anxiety, which are especially common emotions experienced by children prior to surgery.

Arnica is another common homeopathic medicine given to people before and after surgery because of its ability to reduce surgical shock and minimize bleeding. Surgical shock is a condition that trauma or surgery can cause in which all the capillaries and small blood vessels are filled with blood at the same time. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study showed that Arnica significantly decreased bleeding time.²

The late British homeopathic physician Donald Foubister recommended Arnica 30 the night before surgery, another dose the morning of the surgery, another dose just prior to the surgery, and different medicines afterward, depending upon the type of surgery and the symptoms the patient feels.

Homeopathic medicines can also be beneficial for patients who undergo long-term intravenous (IV) therapy. Frequent insertion of an IV commonly causes phlebitis (inflammation of the vein) and hematoma (the pooling of blood under the skin); a double-blind study using Arnica 5c found that it can effectively reduce and prevent such problems.³ The study showed significant benefits from Arnica, including reduced pain. Besides subjective improvement, there were also objectively measured increases in blood flow and in blood coagulation factors.

While Arnica is the primary remedy to be taken just prior to the majority of surgeries, there are a certain number of operations for which Dr. Foubister commonly recommended other remedies. For surgery involving cartilage and periosteum, as is often occurs in the knee or elbow, it is recommended to take Ruta 30 the evening before, the morning of the operation, and immediately afterward. For hemorrhoidal surgery, it is recommended to take either Staphysagria 30 or Aesculus 30 in a similar pattern as described for Ruta. And for circumcision, Staphysagria 30 and Arnica 30 should be given similarly as above.

The following are common recommendations for after surgery. Please note that the length of time of treatment can and should be different with each patient, depending upon the intensity of symptoms. Doses should generally be taken as long as pain persists, though they should not be taken for more than a couple of days, unless the person is still in pain and the remedy is providing obvious relief. Arnica 6, 12, or 30 should be given for at least two doses after surgery, approximately one hour apart. In addition to this remedy, the following remedies should be given one hour after the last dose of Arnica:



Gynecological surgery:

–Dilation and curettage: Belladonna 30, every 6 hours

–Hysterectomy: Causticum 30, three times a day (some homeopaths
recommend Staphysagria 6 or 30, three times a day)

–Caesarean section or episiotomy: Staphysagria 30 or Bellis perennis 30,
three times a day

–Abortion or miscarriage: Ignatia 30, every four hours

–Plastic surgery on the breast: Bellis perennis 6 or 30, three times a day

–Amputation of the breast or a lump: Hamamelis 30, every 4 hours


Circumcision: Staphysagria 30 and Arnica 30, every four hours for a day.


Prostate surgery: Staphysagria 30, three times a day


Abdominal surgery: Staphysagria 30 or Bellis perennis 30, three times a
day


Appendectomy: Rhus tox 30, three times a day


Gastrectomy: Raphanus 30, three times a day


Gall bladder surgery: Lycopodium 30, three times a day


Eye surgery: Ledum 30, every four hours


Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: Rhus tox 30, every four hours


Orthopedic surgery

–involving cartilage or periosteum: Ruta 30, every four hours

–involving the spine: Hypericum 30, every four hours

–Surgery for bullet wounds and/or stab wounds: Staphysagria 30, four
times a day


Plastic surgery: Arnica 30 (internally) and Calendula, (externally) four
times a day


Amputation: Hypericum 30, every four hours


Hemorrhoids: Staphysagria 30 or Aesculus 30, every four hours for two

or three days* Varicose veins: Ledum 30, three times a day


Dental surgery: Hypericum 30 and Ruta 30, alternating every two to four
hours



Homeopathy for Specific Ailments After Surgery

Readers who experience symptoms or syndromes discussed elsewhere in this book should review those chapters. For instance, if you have urinary symptoms after surgery, which is common when catheterization takes place, consult the section on bladder infection in the section on Women’s Conditions (even if you are a man; see: WOMEN). If you are now suffering from acute insomnia, consult the chapter on Insomnia (sorry, not included online).

Some common conditions after surgery for which homeopathic medicines are often effective include the following:


Fear of Death
Aconitum 30 is indicated (every hour for up to four doses).



Bleeding

Arnica 30 helps to slow or stop bleeding after surgery. Phosphorus 30 is the primary remedy for helping to stop bleeding when Arnica does not work adequately. Ipecacuanha 30 is indicated when there is much bleeding of bright red blood, often accompanied by nausea. Secale 30 is effective in treating uterine bleeding that is aggravated by heat and relieved by cold. Cinchona 30 is helpful for people whose bleeding and general loss of fluids lead them to feel weak and faint and have ringing in the ears. This remedy is sometimes indicated several weeks, months, or years after much fluid has been lost, after either an illness or an operation. Arsenicum 30 is useful when profuse bleeding leads to great weakness, burning pains, restlessness, anxiety, and fear, along with a characteristically large thirst for only sips at a time.

Dose: Take the remedy every hour until bleeding stops, not more than four doses. If bleeding has not significantly slowed, consider another remedy. The next day, take one more dose of whichever works to reduce the possible complications of blood loss.



Trauma to Tissue

Arnica topically and Arnica 6 or 30 are useful when the muscle feels bruised or swollen and when there is any pooling of blood under the skin. Hamamelis topically and Hamamelis 6 or 30 are effective when the person has weak veins, passive hemorrhage, bleeding hemorrhoids, or varicose veins. Capillaries are enlarged and congestion is marked. Calendula in external application (gel, ointment, tincture, spray) is indicated to heal wounds or incisions. Bellis perennis 6 or 30 is a remedy for use after abdominal surgery and when deep internal tissue has been traumatized.

Dose: Apply external remedies at least once a day, and apply again if bathing washes them off. Generally, only two to eight doses of the internal remedy over a two day period will be necessary to complete the healing process.



Wound Infection

External applications of Calendula and Hypericum, either alone or preferably together, help to both prevent and treat infection of surgical wounds. If pus has developed and caused hypersensitivity of the wound, Hepar sulphur 30 is recommended. Because Hepar sulphur is an effective remedy for helping to push out splinters, pieces of glass, and various foreign objects that get stuck under the skin, it also has a tendency to push out surgical stitches. Thus it is not recommended to use this remedy when there are stitches, except towards the end of the healing process, when their removal is part of the healing. If the wound becomes purplish, Lachesis 30 or Gunpowder 30 is indicated. If there is much burning in the wound or wound area, Sulphur 30 is helpful.
Dose: Apply external remedies at least once a day, and apply again if bathing washes them off. Take internal remedies every two to four hours during the first 24 hours and four times a day for two to five more days.



Scarring and Adhesions:

Apply Thiosinaminum tincture externally or use an external combination formula that also contains Calendula (some injury gels include these ingredients). Take Graphites 12 internally.

Dose: Apply external remedies at least once a day, and apply them again if bathing washes them off. You may need to do this for several weeks or months. Internal remedies should be taken three times a day for two days, and if necessary, repeated one month later.



Constipation

Raphanus 6 or 30 is indicated when there is constipation with no urgings for a stool and/or when there is painful gas; see also the chapter on Digestive Disorders for other potential medicines for constipation.

Dose: Take this remedy three times a day for up to four days.



Nausea and Vomiting

Nux vomica 6 or 30 is good for violent retching, especially when there is generally ineffectual retching that does not lead to vomiting. Phosphorus 6 or 30 helps to prevent or treat nausea after surgery; it is indicated when the patient has a strong thirst for ice drinks; he or she may also have a concurrent headache. Ipecac 6 or 30 is effective for persistent nausea with vomiting, when vomiting does not provide relief. Arsenicum 6 or 30 treats violent and incessant vomiting which is made worse by drinking water, especially cold water, or eating. There may also be burning pain in the stomach. See also chapter on Digestive Disorders.

Dose: Take a remedy every two hours during intense symptoms and every four hours during less intense discomfort. If improvement is not obvious after 24 hours, consider another remedy.



Gas
Carbo veg 6 or 30 helps people who suffer from great distension and offensive gas, who get some relief from release of gas, and who desire carbonated drinks because they seem to help them release gas. Cinchona 6 or 30 is useful when there is more pain than distension, frequent rumbling in the abdomen, and no relief from releasing gas. Raphanus 6 or 30 is a common remedy for people who have a distended abdomen but are unable to expel gas. Because this condition is extremely common after surgery, especially abdominal surgery, this remedy is often indicated. Colocynthis 6 or 30 is effective when there is more pain than distension, and also cramps that are relieved by bending over.

Dose: Take a remedy every two hours during intense pain and every four hours during mild discomfort. If improvement is not obvious after 24 hours, consider another remedy.

Bedsores
(see the chapter on Conditions of the Elderly for details)

Resources

¹J.P. Alibeau and J. Jobert, “Aconit en Dilution Homeopathique et Agitation Post-Operatoire de l’enfant,” Pediatrie, 1990, 45 (7-8): 465-66.

²J. Baillargeon, et.al., “The Effects of Arnica Montana on Blood Coagulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Canadian Family Physician, November 1993, 39:2362-67.

³C. Amodeo, et.al., “The Role of Arnica in the Prevention of Venous Pathology from Long-term Intravenous Therapy: Evaluation of Platelet Aggregation,” Ninth National Conference of the Italian Society for Vascular Pathology, Capanello, June 6-9, 1987. The study included 39 patients, including 21 undergoing intravenous feeding, nine in infusion protracted beyond 72 hours, and nine in chemotherapeutic treatment.

Here is a list of drugs and other things you should keep at home for self-care. Store them in a handy, dry place, but out of children’s reach. Check the expiration date often. Throw away and replace ones that are outdated.

Medications	Use
Acetaminophen ex: Aspirin-Free Anacin, Tylenol	Pain relief, reduces fever
Activated charcoal (binds certain chemicals when swallowed) [NOTE: Call Poison Control Center first]	Oral Poisoning for some poisons
Antacids (liquid or tablets) ex: Tums, Rolaids, Mylanta, Amphojel	Stomach upset, heartburn
Antibiotic cream or ointment ex: Neosporin	Minor skin infection, wounds
Anti-diarrheal medicine ex: Kaopectate, Immodium A-D, Donnagel	Diarrhea
Antifungal preparations ex: Tinactin	Fungal infections such as athlete’s foot
Antihistamines ex: Dristan, Triaminic, Benadryl	Allergies, cold symptom relief
Anti-motion sickness ex: Dramamine	Motion sickness
Antiseptic preparation ex: Betadine	Abrasions, cuts
Aspirin* ex: Anacin, Bayer, Bufferin	Pain relief, reduces fever and swelling
Cough medicine with expectorant (look for one with Guaifenison) ex: Robitussin	Cough with mucus
Cough suppressant without expectorant(look for one with Dextromethorphan ex: Robitussin DM	Dry cough without mucus
Decongestant (tablets, nose spray, etc.) ex: Dristan Nasal Spray, Sudafed, Dimetapp	Stuffy and runny nose, post-nasal drip from colds, allergies
Ear wax dissolver ex: Debrox	Ear wax
Eye drops and artificial tears ex: Murine, Visine	Minor eye irritations
Hemorrhoid preparations ex: Hemorid	Hemorrhoids
Hydrocortisone cream ex: Cortaid, Lanacort	Minor skin irritations, itching and rashes
Ibuprofen (adult) ex: Advil	Pain relief, reduces fever and swelling
Laxatives ex: Ex-Lax, Correctol, Milk of Magnesia	Constipation
Moisturizer ex: Jergens Lotion	Dry skin
Naproxen Sodium (adult) ex: Aleve	Pain relief, reduces fever and swelling
Petroleum jelly ex: Vaseline	Chafing, dry skin
Rubbing alcohol	Topical antiseptic, clean thermometer
Sanitary napkins, tampons	Menstruation
Sunscreen – look for one with SPF (sun protection factor) of 15 or more	Prevent sunburn, protect against skin cancer
Syrup of Ipecac (NOTE: Call Poison Control Center first)	To induce vomiting for some poisons
Throat anesthetic preparations ex: Sucret throat lozenges, Chloraseptic spray	Minor sore throat
Toothache – relief preparation ex. Anbesol	Toothache
Supplies	Use
Adhesive bandages	Minor wounds
Adhesive tape, sterile gauze pads, roll of sterile gauze and scissors	To dress minor wounds
Cotton balls, cotton tipped applicators	Minor wounds
Elastic bandages and clips	Minor strains and sprains
Heating pad/hot water bottle	Minor pains, strains, menstrual cramps
Humidifier, vaporizer (cool mist)	Add moisture to the air
Ice pack/Heat pack	Minor pain and injuries
Thermometer (mercury-containing, digital, etc.) Basal thermometer if using natural family planning method for birth control.	Fever
Tongue depressor, flashlight	Check for redness or infection in throat
Tweezers	Remove splinters

The 1200 remedies found in the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States contain minute amounts of plants, minerals or animal substances used to cure a variety of ailments by promoting inner healing, or what America’s estimated 3000 homeopathic practitioners call the vital force. Remedies are diluted so no side effects occur–essential to a pregnant woman and her baby–but healing does. In fact, the more dilute a remedy, the more potent it is. It’s believed that the vigorous shaking, or succussions, used to prepare these medicines help potentize them.

It’s the principles of homeopathy that separate it from conventional medicine. The first law says “like cures like” meaning the compound used to treat a disease produces those same symptoms when given to a healthy person. For example, Coffea cruda (unroasted coffee), is ideal for restless insomnia.

In classical homeopathy, the law of the single remedy says medicines be given one at a time based on current symptoms. Because the patient and disease are each seen as ever-changing, the remedy is adjusted as symptoms change. Individual treatment requires careful documentation of physical symptoms, emotional and mental balance, food cravings and aversions, sleeping habits and other signs. These symptoms are then matched to one remedy at an appropriate dose.

The ability of homeopathic remedies to encourage healing, rather than merely suppress symptoms, have nudged them to the single fastest-growing category in drug stores. The 1994 retail sales of homeopathic medicines in the U.S. are calculated at $165 million. About 95 percent of homeopathic remedies are available over-the-counter, making them both accessible and inexpensive (around $3 to $7 per bottle). While simple, acute conditions are safely treated at home, more serious conditions–particularly involving pregnancy–should be treated by a qualified homeopathic practitioner.

During Pregnancy

Several studies attest to homeopathy’s success with pregnancy- related problems, particularly labor. When French researchers gave 90 women a combination remedy containing Caulophyllum, Arnica, Cimicifuga, Pulsatilla and Gelsemium twice a day throughout their pregnancy, the women had 40 percent shorter labors and one-quarter the complications of labor as those handed a sugar pill (Cahiers de Biotherapie, volume 94, April 1987).

Breech babies, whose feet or buttocks, rather than head, point downward in the womb, are a classic labor complication. Obstetricians often rely on a hospital procedure called external version, involving uterine-relaxing drugs and sometimes anesthesia, to turn these babies by pushing on the mother’s belly.

Joyce Frye, DO, an obstetrician from Philadelphia, prefers Pulsatilla as the first step toward correcting breech positioned babies, saving external version as a final resort. Frye estimates half her pregnant patients respond to this safer, less expensive treatment. External version works in 40 to 70 percent of breech cases, says Frye, depending the operator’s skill and whether the mother is having her first or second child.

A more common pregnancy difficulty, and one that responds well to homeopathic medicine, is morning sickness. Nausea and vomiting typically begin upon waking and continue all morning or longer. Hormone production jumps during pregnancy and probably causes morning sickness. Most women adjust to elevated hormonal levels by the end of the first trimester.

Tobacco smoke, cooking smells, fatigue and low blood sugar all trigger morning sickness. Several small meals eaten every two to three hours help, as do rest, vitamin B6 rich whole grains, nuts and seeds, and munching on crackers before getting up. Nux vomica helps nausea that’s worse in the morning and accompanied by irritability and a desire to be indoors and warm. Constant nausea without the vomiting, but aggravated by heat responds to Sulphur.

When Suzy, a 35 year old Asian woman pregnant with her second child, was nauseated by food odors and drinking water, she visited her local naturopathic doctor. Although skeptical about homeopathy, Suzy nevertheless tried Ipecac, for those who feel worse lying down and no better after vomiting. Suzy was pleased when the remedy diminished her nausea by 60 percent. Some nausea is good, says Amy Rothenberg, ND, a naturopathic doctor specializing in homeopathy from Enfield, Conneticut, and is associated with better pregnancy outcome.

Once morning sickness leaves, leg cramps, usually experienced during late pregnancy, may appear. These cramps in the calves and feet occur from poor blood circulation, tired muscles and the weight of a pregnant belly pressing leg nerves. Sometimes too little calcium or too much phosphorus (high in processed foods and soft drinks) elicit spasms. Besides slowly stretching out the achy muscle, taking calcium and magnesium, and cutting down on phosphorus-filled foods, leg cramps that feel numb and cold may loosen up with Calcarea phosphorica. Veratrum album often speeds healing of aching relieved by walking and warmth.

A heavy belly and slow circulation also contribute to hemorrhoids, where veins in the anus swell causing occasional pain, bright red blood in the stool and bulging of the hemorrhoidal tissue. Pregnancy is a prime time for this condition because higher-than-usual levels of progesterone relax blood vessel walls, encouraging their distention. Ilene Dahl, ND, a family practice naturopathic physician from Concord, California prescribes homeopathic suppositories containing Hamamelis virginica, remedy specifically indicated for hemorrhoids. This homeopathic can also be taken orally and a purely herbal Hamamelis formula may be applied on the sore region. Drinking lots of water and eating foods with fiber also help.

There’s no question the up-and-down moods of pregnancy arise from hormonal surges. For instance, estrogen causes anxiety, while progesterone acts in opposition creating depression. Push-me pull-you irritability where a pregnant women asks to be held one minute then shoves her consoler away fits Chamomilla. If an embrace and kind word help a sad and weeping woman whose moods are changeable, then Pulsatilla is the first choice.

“Food cravings usually indicate the fetus is craving a particular nutrient,” says Dahl. For this reason, she usually encourages her pregnant patients to merely eat the desired food. However, for excessive yearnings, such as overwhelming salty yearnings, Carbo vegetabilis might work. A yen for sweet, creamy foods may lessen with a dose of Sulphur. When vinegary pickles and other sour morsels are desired, then try Sepia.

After Pregnancy

The safety and effectiveness of homeopathic remedies for both mother and baby are as useful after pregnancy as they are during. Once a new mother has overcome the challenge of teaching her newborn to nurse, many women temporarily endure painful nipples (babies have a mighty grasp). One easy cure is to squeeze out a little extra milk after baby’s done eating and smear its healing ingredients over the affected nipple. Your local La Leche League or lactation expert can teach you different feeding positions and determine if baby is latching on correctly. For sore and cracking nipples, Sepia is a logical choice. Chamomilla helps inflamed and very sensitive nipples.

Feeding your baby on demand will usually keep your milk supply up. Occasionally fatigue, skimping on fluids or not eating well reduce milk production. A day in bed with baby, without the worry of household duties, often remedies this problem as well as giving you much needed rest and a chance to enjoy your infant. Pulsatilla also encourages milk production, as well as treating leaky breasts. If you’re one of the odd cases where your milk overflows, then try Belladonna.

On top of the exhausting tasks of nursing and caring for a new baby, a new mother must recover from the ordeal of labor. If you’ve had a Caesarean section or other procedure, or lost a great deal of blood, fatigue is even more pronounced. China helps restore energy, particularly due to blood loss. When nausea and headache are part of fatigue, Cocculus may work. For overwhelming post-partum depression, Aurum met might help. Sepia or Phosphorus may perk you up during times of indifference. Depression after pregnancy is often due to declining hormones.

Frye often administers Arnica to her patients to promote healing from the trauma of childbirth. “A few drops of homeopathic Calendula added to a sitz bath,” says Frye, “also assists in post-partum recovery.”

Miscarriage

If you’ve lost a baby before the sixth month of pregnancy, this is called a miscarriage. For some this unhappy experience is a one time occurrence; for others it’s an ongoing problem. Continual miscarriages should be investigated by a health care professional so hormones (necessary for sustaining a pregnancy), nutritional status and other underlying problems can be assessed. Natural therapies may or may not help depending on the cause. For cases where conventional treatments are indicated, natural methods are often beneficial adjuncts. If you desire homeopathic treatment, see a trained homeopath for a constitutional remedy prior to getting pregnant.

Even for an impending miscarriage, Joyce Frye, DO recommends using homeopathic remedies cautiously. While severe physical shock, uterine abnormalities or infection of the mother may interrupt a pregnancy, a sick or deformed baby may miscarry no matter the treatment. “If you take the right remedy and the baby is viable, many times this along with bedrest and good nutrition can save baby,” says Amy Rothenberg, ND. “If the baby is not viable, a woman will miscarry no matter what. However, a miscarrying woman who has taken a homeopathic remedy tends to have an easier time and can often avoid a D & C (dilation and curettage, a procedure where the cervix is dilated and the uterus is scraped out).”

See your doctor if you’re experiencing signs of impending miscarriage like vaginal bleeding and intermittent pain, even for homeopathic care. Many doctors also use homeopathic remedies after a miscarriage has occurred, particularly for incomplete miscarriages.

Homeopathy plays an important part of pregnancy treatment. Together with sound prenatal care, good nutritional habits and tender loving care, homeopathic remedies promise a healthy, safe outcome for both mother and baby.